Jawaharlal Nehru Biography: Birthday, Early Life, Education, Career, Works, Legacy, Family, Death

Jawaharlal Nehru Biography: The Indian Independence struggle was led by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. He was India’s first Prime Minister after independence. He had implemented ardent socialist socioeconomic policies. Nehru authored works such as ‘The Discovery of India’ and ‘Glimpses of World History’.

Jawaharlal Nehru Biography

The Early Life, Family, and Education of Jawaharlal Nehru

Jawaharlal Nehru was born into a Brahman family from Kashmir. His father, Motilal Nehru, was a prominent attorney and leader in the Indian independence movement. He was also one of Gandhi’s most prominent associates. The eldest son of Motilal Nehru’s four offspring, two of whom were female, was Jawaharlal Nehru. He concluded his early education at home with private tutors until the age of fourteen. At the age of fifteen, he attended Harrow school in England. After two years, he attended Cambridge’s Trinity College to receive an honours degree in natural sciences. At the Inner Temple in London, he concluded his barrister studies.

He spent seven years in England, but he was always very disoriented and felt like he was neither in England nor India. Consequently, he had written, “I have become an odd mix of East and West, out of place everywhere and at home nowhere.” In roughly 1912, he returned to India. He was interested in the struggle of all nations that are subjugated by a foreign power. He married Kamala Kaul in 1916 and resided in Delhi. In 1917, Indira Priyadarshini (Indira Gandhi) was born.

Political Career

He was a delegate to the Bankipore Congress in 1912.

In 1919, he was appointed Secretary of the Allahabad Home Rule League.

He met Mahatma Gandhi for the first time and was profoundly inspired by him.

In 1920, he coordinated the first Kisan March in Uttar Pradesh’s Pratapgarh district.

– He was incarcerated twice as a result of the Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-1922).

Nehru became the General Secretary of the All India Congress Committee in September 1923.

He travelled throughout Italy, Switzerland, England, Belgium, Germany, and Russia in 1926.

– He attended the Congress of oppressed Nationalities in Brussels, Belgium, as an official delegate of the Indian National Congress.

In 1927, he witnessed the Moscow celebrations commemorating the tenth anniversary of the October Socialist Revolution.

– During the Simon Commission in Lucknow in 1928, he was lathi-charged.

– On 29 August 1928, he attended the All-Party Congress and was one of the signatories of the Nehru Report on Indian Constitutional Reform, which was named after his father Shri Motilal Nehru.

In 1928, he founded the ‘Independence for India League’ and served as its General Secretary.

1929 saw his election as president of the Lahore session of the Indian National Congress. Only in this session was the complete objective for the country’s independence adopted.

He was imprisoned multiple times between 1930 and 1935 due to his association with the Salt Satyagraha and other Congress-led movements.

On August 8, 1942, he was detained alongside other leaders and transported to Ahmednagar Fort. This was his final and longest detention.

In January 1945, he was released from jail and organised a legal defence for INA officers and men charged with treason.

In July 1946, he was elected President of the Congress for the fourth time, and again for three more terms from 1951 to 1954.

Significant Works by Jawaharlal Nehru

• He transmitted contemporary values and thought.
• He insisted on a liberal and secular approach.
• He focused on India’s fundamental unity.
• By implementing the first five-year plans in 1951, he advocated democratic socialism and promoted India’s industrialization.
• – Promoted scientific and technological progress by establishing institutions of higher education.
• In addition, a number of social reforms were implemented, including free public education, free meals for Indian children, legal rights for women, including the ability to inherit property and divorce their spouses, and laws prohibiting discrimination based on caste, among others.

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Legacy

He held pluralism, socialism, liberalism, and democracy as core values. As a result of his deep affection for children, his birthday is celebrated as Children’s Day in India. He supported and paved the way for India’s education by imagining India’s premier institutions, such as the Indian Institute of Technology, the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, and India’s first space programme, among others.

In fact, Shyam Benegal based the television series “Bharat Ek Khoj” on Jawaharlal Nehru’s well-known book, Discovery of India. Jawaharlal Nehru was portrayed prominently in the biopics ‘Gandhi’ and ‘Sardar’ by Richard Attenborough and Ketan Mehta, respectively.

Death

On May 27, 1964, he passed away from a cardiac attack. He was cremated on the banks of the Yamuna River in Delhi at the Shantivan.