Muhammad Iqbal Biography: Dr Allama Muhammad Iqbal’s 83rd death anniversary is being commemorated across the nation today in recognition of his efforts and contributions to the cause of a separate homeland for the Muslims of the subcontinent.
State-run television, other private channels, and radio all praised the national poet for his vision.
Muhammad Iqbal Biography
Early Years
Iqbal, who was born and reared in Sialkot, Punjab, received his B.A. and M.A. from Government College Lahore. From 1899 to 1903, he taught Arabic at the Oriental College in Lahore. During this period, he was a prolific writer. Popular Urdu poems from this period include Parinde ki Faryad (A bird’s prayer), an early meditation on animal rights, and Tarana-e-Hindi, a patriotic lyric written for children.
In 1905, he left for further education in Europe, first to England, where he earned a second B.A. at Trinity College, Cambridge and was subsequently admitted to the bar at Lincoln’s Inn, and then to Germany, where he earned a PhD in philosophy at the University of Munich. In 1908, upon his return to Lahore, he established a law practice but focused on authoring scholarly works on politics, economics, history, philosophy, and religion. He is best known for his poetic compositions, such as Asrar-e-Khudi – for which he was knighted after publication – Rumuz-e-Bekhudi, and the Bang-e-Dara. In Iran, where he is known as Iqbl-e Lhor (Iqbal of Lahore), his Persian works are highly regarded.
Education
Iqbal was sent to a mosque when he was four years old to learn how to read the Qur’an. (Reference Required) In 1893, he graduated from Scotch Mission College in Sialkot, where Syed Mir Hassan was the dean of the madrasa and a professor of Arabic. In 1895, he received a diploma from the Faculty of Arts at the Intermediate level. In 1897, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy, English literature, and Arabic from Government College University and was awarded the Khan Bahadurddin F.S. Jalaluddin medal for his proficiency in Arabic. In 1899, he earned a Master of Arts from the same college and won first place in philosophy at the University of Punjab.
Muhammad Iqbal Career
Sir Muhammad Iqbal was a renowned poet, philosopher, and politician who was instrumental in the Pakistan Movement. Born in 1877 in Sialkot, British India (now Pakistan), he passed away in 1938 in Lahore, Pakistan.
Iqbal began his professional life as a lawyer in Lahore. In addition to beginning to write poetry at a young age, he garnered recognition as a poet while studying in England. He is regarded as one of the foremost Urdu poets, and his works have been translated into numerous languages.
In addition to his literary career, Iqbal was also a prominent political figure. He was a member of the All-India Muslim League and played a critical role in the development of the idea of a separate Muslim state. He is considered one of the founding founders of Pakistan.
Iqbal also served as a professor of philosophy at various universities, including the University of Lahore and the Government College University in Lahore. He wrote extensively on philosophical and spiritual topics, His work had a significant impact on intellectual and religious thought in the Muslim world.
Iqbal was knighted by the British government in 1922 for his contributions to literature and education. He is considered a national hero in Pakistan, and his legacy continues to be celebrated both in Pakistan and around the globe.
Personal Life
Iqbal’s mother, Imam Bibi died on 9 November 1914. After her passing, Iqbal expressed his sadness through poetry.
His family descended from Kashmiri Pandits (of the Sapru clan) who converted to Islam in the 15th century and were from a south Kashmiri village in Kulgam, but Iqbal spoke only Punjabi and Urdu in everyday life. In the nineteenth century, when the Sikh Empire was conquering Kashmir, his grandfather’s ancestors moved to Punjab. Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, a prominent jurist and freedom fighter, became an admirer of Iqbal. Iqbal’s grandfather was Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru’s eighth cousin. Iqbal frequently acknowledged and celebrated his Kashmiri ancestry in his writings. According to scholar Annemarie Schimmel, Iqbal frequently referred to himself as “the son of Kashmiri-Brahmans who was also familiar with the sages of Rumi and Tabriz.”
Iqbal’s father, Sheikh Noor Muhammad (who died in 1930), was a devout tailor who lacked formal education. Iqbal’s mother Imam Bibi, a Kashmiri from Sambrial, was described as a polite and modest woman who assisted the needy and her acquaintances with their problems. She perished in Sialkot on November 9, 1914. Iqbal cherished his mother, and upon her passing, he expressed his sorrow in an elegy.
Muhammad Iqbal Marriages
Iqbal married four times under various circumstances.
18 years old at the time, he wed for the first time in 1895. Khan Bahadur Ata Muhammad Khan, a Gujrati physician, was the father of his spouse, Karim Bibi. Her sister was the mother of the director and musician Khwaja Khurshid Anwar, who was her nephew. The marriage was orchestrated by their families. The couple had two children: Miraj Begum (1895–1915) and Aftab Iqbal (1899–1979), who became barrister. A second son is said to have passed away after his birth in 1901. Iqbal and Karim Bibi went their separate ways between 1910 and 1913. Despite this, he continued to support her financially until his death.
Iqbal’s second marriage took place on August 26, 1910, with Hakim Noor-ud-Din’s niece. Iqbal’s third marriage was to Mukhtar Begum in December 1914. Shortly after his mother’s demise in November of the previous year. They had a son, but he and his mother died shortly after his delivery in 1924. Later, Iqbal wed Sardar Begum, and the couple had two children: Javed Iqbal (1924–2015). Who became the Chief Justice of Pakistan’s Supreme Court, and Muneera Bano (born 1930). Yousuf Salahuddin, one of Muneera’s sons, is a philanthropist and socialite.
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Death
After returning from a journey to Spain and Afghanistan in 1933, Iqbal was diagnosed with an unknown throat illness. He spent his last years assisting Chaudhry Niaz Ali Khan in establishing the Dar ul Islam Trust Institute on a Jamalpur estate close to Pathankot. Where it was intended to subsidise studies in classical Islam and contemporary social science.
He also advocated for a Muslim state to be independent. Iqbal ceased practising law in 1934, and the Nawab of Bhopal granted him a pension. In his final years, he frequently sought spiritual guidance at the Dargah of renowned Sufi Ali Hujwiri in Lahore. Iqbal passed away in Lahore, Pakistan, on April 21, 1938, following months of illness. According to tradition, he died while listening to a Kafi by Bulleh Shah. His tomb is located in Hazuri Bagh, the enclosed garden between the Badshahi Mosque’s entrance and the Lahore Fort, and the Government of Pakistan provides official security.
